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Assessing Cow Creek following a riparian restoration

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Title	Assessing Cow Creek following a riparian restoration
Subject	Riparian restoration--Washington (State)--Adams County; Stream restoration--Washington (State)--Adams County; Water quality--Washington (State)--Adams County
Creator	Klinzing, Danielle.
Publisher	Published by: Eastern Washington University Libraries. 816 F St. Cheney, WA 99004-2453. http://www.ewu.edu/library.xml
Date	2011
Type	text
Format	application/pdf
Source	Original format: MS Word.docx
Language	eng
Rights	The author retains all ownership rights to the copyright to this Master's Thesis. Copying of this document in whole or in part is allowable only for scholarly purposes, and with proper attribution given to the author. The content of this thesis shall not be used for commercial purposes, or for financial gain, without the permission of the author.
Provenance	Received from the EWU Graduate Studies Office.
Description-Table Of Contents	Abstract -- Acknowledgements -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Literature cited -- Tables and figures -- Appendix.
Description-Abstract	"Cow Creek (Adams County, WA) has been degraded by livestock grazing for over 100 years but is currently the subject of a riparian restoration project by the Washington Department of Ecology. Fencing was installed to exclude cattle from the riparian corridor, but livestock practices in the watershed continue. I assessed the ecosystem health of Cow Creek using two independent techniques: analysis of benthic macroinvertebrate communities and measurement of nutrient uptake rates following short-term nutrient additions. Characterization of benthic macroinvertebrate communities is a well-established method for monitoring stream water quality, but provides little information on ecosystem function. In contrast, measurements of nutrient uptake provide information on how efficiently the stream uses and recycles nutrients. The study includes a control site, which has been fenced and not been grazed for over 10 years, and two impacted sites, of varying degree of cattle impacts, along Cow Creek, as well as two reference sites on Crab Creek. I collected 10 macroinvertebrate samples from each site during the summer of 2008 and again in summer 2009, and identified at least 300 invertebrates from each sample to the lowest practical taxonomic level (usually genus). Standard macroinvertebrate metrics were applied to evaluate water quality. I measured uptake in late summer 2009 using a whole-stream addition of ammonium at three concentrations, with rhodamine as a conservative tracer. Uptake lengths were calculated from the decline in ammonium concentrations with distance downstream. Uptake lengths ranged from 56 meters for Cow Creek below Cow Lake (impacted,Cow Creek (Adams County, WA) has been degraded by livestock grazing for over 100 years but is currently the subject of a riparian restoration project by the Washington Department of Ecology. Fencing was installed to exclude cattle from the riparian corridor, but livestock practices in the watershed continue. I assessed the ecosystem health of Cow Creek using two independent techniques: analysis of benthic macroinvertebrate communities and measurement of nutrient uptake rates following short-term nutrient additions. Characterization of benthic macroinvertebrate communities is a well-established method for monitoring stream water quality, but provides little information on ecosystem function. In contrast, measurements of nutrient uptake provide information on how efficiently the stream uses and recycles nutrients. The study includes a control site, which has been fenced and not been grazed for over 10 years, and two impacted sites, of varying degree of cattle impacts, along Cow Creek, as well as two reference sites on Crab Creek. I collected 10 macroinvertebrate samples from each site during the summer of 2008 and again in summer 2009, and identified at least 300 invertebrates from each sample to the lowest practical taxonomic level (usually genus). Standard macroinvertebrate metrics were applied to evaluate water quality. I measured uptake in late summer 2009 using a whole-stream addition of ammonium at three concentrations, with rhodamine as a conservative tracer. Uptake lengths were calculated from the decline in ammonium concentrations with distance downstream. Uptake lengths ranged from 56 meters for Cow Creek below Cow Lake (impacted, site 2) to 2800 meters for Crab Creek- Hobb Ranch site (reference, site 5). Uptake lengths were shorter in streams with lower discharge and lower N/P ratios. There was no clear relationship between uptake length and our prior expectations of ecosystem health. Uptake velocity was highest at one of the impacted sites with recent cattle grazing (Cow Creek (moderately impacted) Site 3, near Benge). Macroinvertebrate communities were more diverse and had lower pollution tolerance values in Crab Creek compared to Cow Creek, but did not indicate higher water quality for the restored Cow Creek site. Current macroinvertebrate community structure does not suggest that riparian cattle exclusion has been successful in improving water quality of Cow Creek to date. Local riparian influences may be overshadowed by historical impacts and ongoing land use in the surrounding watershed. I also suggest that simple measurements of ammonium uptake did not provide a reliable indicator of ecosystem health for our study streams."--Document.
Format-Extent	5,326,848 bytes
Relation-Requires	Adobe Acrobat Reader
Relation-Is Part Of	EWU Theses Collection
Relation-Is Format Of	PDF of MS Word.docx. [2] pages before title page were not part of the original document; they were added when converted to PDF. Original signatures on pages ii-iii were redacted.
Rights-Access Rights	This thesis is permanently embargoed. To access the electronic copy, you must have a valid EWU Network ID and Password.
Rights-Rights Holder	Klinzing, Danielle.

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Assessing Cow Creek following a riparian restoration

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