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Title	Optimization of conditions for vitrification of aqueous solutions of relevance to cryobiology
Subject	Cryopreservation of organs, tissues, etc.--Technique; Cryobiology
Creator	Baker, Michael J.
Publisher	Published by Eastern Washington University Libraries. 816 F St. Cheney, WA 99004-2453. http://www.ewu.edu/library.xml
Date	2012
Type	text
Format	application/pdf
Source	Original format: MS Word.docx
Language	eng
Rights	The author retains all ownership rights to the copyright to this Master’s Thesis. Copying of this document in whole or in part is allowable only for scholarly purposes, and with proper attribution given to the author. The content of this thesis shall not be used for commercial purposes, or for financial gain, without the permission of the author.
Provenance	Received from the EWU Graduate Studies Office.
Description-Table Of Contents	Abstract -- Acknowledgements -- List of Tables and Figures -- Introduction -- Experiment 1: Experimental determination of minimum concentrations necessary for solution vitrification when using cryoprotectants both singularly and in pairs -- Experiment 2: Evaluation of similar-sized straw containers composed of different materials on rates of cooling in liquid nitrogen -- Experiment 3: An explanation of why it is difficult to form slush nitrogen from liquid nitrogen that had been previously used for this purpose -- Experiment 4: Two novel methods for accelerating the cooling of small volume samples -- Vita.
Description-Abstract	"Cryopreservation is a technology with wide ranging applications including helping to prevent specis extinction (Hopkins and Herr, 2010). However, the current applicability of cryopreservation protocols is limited. This limitation warranted experimentation that could contribute to the optimization of current protocols for cryopreservation. The experiments presented herein were designed to contribute to the plunge-cooling method of cryopreservation. The importance for further development of current plunge-cooling methods is for the cryopreservation of cell-types sensitive to the other method of cryopreservation, slow-equilibrium freezing. The purpose for plunge-cooling is to cool a sample from ambient temperature to liquid nitrogen temperature at a fast rate. If cooling is sufficiently fast, ice-formation is inhibited. This creates a glass-like vitrified state. To optimize the probability of vitrification, current approaches were modified. Different cooling methods were investigated. Containers called cryostraws were crafted from six different materials, materials with different thermal conductivity properties; all straws were of similar size. The minimum concentrations of several ice-inhibitors (cryoprotectants) needed to achieve vitrification were studied. Novel cooling methods, which involved the use of spinning coolant and/or semi-solid nitrogen, called slush nitrogen (SN), as the cooling medium were invented and then tested. The novel methods enabled rates of cooling that were far faster than previously possible. A chronic problem that plagued the progress with plunge cooling was the difficulty in making SN repeatable. The cause of this problem was researched and identified as contamination of the LN by condensed oxygen. The quantified cooling rates of similar sized containers constructed from different materials yielded unexpected results. We determined that a material's thermal conductivity was a poor predictor of cooling rates. In fact, implementing a material that was porous to LN, such as polyvinyl chloride, yielded the fastest rate of cooling, indicating that a material's porosity is a much better predictor of cooling rate."--Document.
Date-Created	2012
Format-Extent	2,846,720 bytes
Relation-Requires	Adobe Acrobat Reader
Relation-Is Part Of	EWU Theses Collection
Relation-Is Format Of	PDF of MS Word.docx. [2] pages before title page were not part of the original document; they were added when converted to PDF. Original signatures on pages ii-iii were redacted.
Rights-Rights Holder	Baker, Michael J.

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Optimization of conditions for vitrification of aqueous solutions of relevance to cryobiology

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