Lieutenant Grover's camp on the shores of Pike Lake. Governor Stevens considered this to be "the real starting point of the expedition and named the camp, "Camp Marcy", in honor of the Secretary of State." Plate VI.
Expeditions & surveys; Railroad surveys; Fort Walla Walla (Wash.)
Fort Walla Walla was first built along the Columbia River by the Northwest Company to act as a trading center. A second fort was built by the Hudson Bay Company prior to 1831 and served as a frontier post protecting their interests. This was...
Expeditions & surveys; Railroad surveys; Marias River (Mont.)
Marias River "flows in a channel two or three hundred feet below the prairie level, and is tolerable well wooded. The water was at that time one hundred and fifty feet wide and two to four feet deep, slightly milky, with a swift current and...
"The Columbia River at Fort Colville is about three hundred and fifty yards wide just above the Sometknu, or Kettle Falls. These consist of two pitches, one of fifteen feet and another below it of ten, and the river is narrowed to two hundred...
Expeditions & surveys; Railroad surveys; Springs; Bitterroot Range
Near the summit of the Bitter Root Mountains, "a hot spring with a temperature of 132 degrees, around which was a fine prairie camping ground." Plate LVII.
A conical mound near the center of a beautiful prairie called the "Deer Lodge". The mound stands "about thirty feet high, around the base of which are innumerable springs of hot water. On top of the mound a spring three feet in...
Expeditions & surveys; Railroad surveys; Assiniboine Indians; Gifts; Fort Union (Mont.)
"Fort Union is situated on the eastern bank of the Missouri River, about 2 ¾ miles above the mouth of the Yellowstone. It was built by the American Fur Company in 1830, and has from that time been the principal supply store or depot of that...
Expeditions & surveys; Railroad surveys; Bison; Cheyenne River; Lake Jessie
Ascending a high hill after crossing the Sheyenne (Cheyenne) River, the expedition looked out upon an estimated 200,000 buffalo inhabiting the plains separating them from Lake Jessie. Plate X.
"Fort Owen is situated on the Scattering creek of the Lewis and Clark Trail." Drawing depicts Lieutenant Mullan arriving at Fort Owen with a delegation of chiefs from the Flathead nation. Plate XXX.
Expeditions & surveys; Railroad surveys; Fort Okanogan (Wash.)
"Fort Okinakane (Okanogan) is an old and ruinous establishment of the Hudson Bay Company." "The character of the Columbia along the western border of the Spokane Plain and as far as Fort Okinakane (Okanogan) is described as follows:...
Expeditions & surveys; Railroad surveys; Fort Benton (Mont.); Missouri River
"Fort Benton stands on the eastern bank of the Missouri, near the Great Bend." "The river is here perfectly transparent at most seasons of the year. The Teton River empties into the Missouri six miles below Fort Benton; the Marias...
"Just below the outlet of Flathead Lake there is a series of rapids and falls, one of which, at the time, was fifteen feet high. The country to the west of the lake is a high rolling prairie. Salmon trout, three feet long, are caught in it,...
"There are two principle falls, one of twenty feet and the other of from ten to twelve feet; in the latter, there being a perpendicular fall of seven or eight feet; for a quarter of a mile the descent is rapid, over a rough bed of rocks, and...
Lieutenant Mullan's party leaving the Bitter Root Valley and heading "down the river to the Lou-Lou Fork, which is fifteen yards wide and two feet deep at its mouth. Its valley is five hundred yards wide, and the mountains on each side are...
The expedition party makes a distribution of the presents and provisions designed for the Gros Ventres tribe, "consisting of blankets, shirts, calico, knives, beads, paint, powder, shot, tobacco, and hard bread." Plate XXI.
Assiniboines at the expedition encampment "arranged to receive their presents. They were seated around in the form of three sides of a square, the open side being opposite to the places occupied by the expedition party, the chief, and the...
Expeditions & surveys; Railroad surveys; Columbia River; Channels; Indian encampments; Canoes; Dalles (Or.)
The Dalles is a narrow place in the Columbia River, where the channel has been worn out of the rocks, below which about ten miles, is the mouth of the Klikitat River. Drawing shows an Indian encampment on the bank and a canoe on the water. Plate...